Spring Boot自动装配原理

Posted by t298 on January 6, 2022

@SpringBootApplication下面有三个主要注解:

  • @EnableAutoConfiguration:启用 SpringBoot 的自动配置机制。

  • @Configuration:允许在上下文中注册额外的 bean 或导入其他配置类。
  • @ComponentScan: 扫描被@Component (@Service,@Controller)注解的 bean,注解默认会扫描启动类所在的包下所有的类 。

@EnableAutoConfiguration实现自动装配的核心注解

核心注解是通过AutoConfigurationImportSelector类来实现的。这个类的继承如下:

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public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered {

}

public interface DeferredImportSelector extends ImportSelector {

}

public interface ImportSelector {
    String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata var1);
}

可以看出,AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类实现了 ImportSelector接口,也就实现了这个接口中的 selectImports方法,该方法主要用于获取所有符合条件的类的全限定类名,这些类需要被加载到 IoC 容器中

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private static final String[] NO_IMPORTS = new String[0];

public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        // <1>.判断自动装配开关是否打开
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return NO_IMPORTS;
        } else {
          //<2>.获取所有需要装配的bean
            AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader.loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader);
            AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata);
            return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
        }
    }

getAutoConfigurationEntry:主要负责加载自动配置类

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private static final AutoConfigurationEntry EMPTY_ENTRY = new AutoConfigurationEntry();

AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
        //<1>.
        if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
            return EMPTY_ENTRY;
        } else {
            //<2>.
            AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
            //<3>.
            List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            //<4>.
            configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
            Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
            this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
            configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
            configurations = this.filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
            this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
            return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
        }
    }

  1. 判断自动装配开关是否打开。默认spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration=true,可在 application.propertiesapplication.yml 中设置
  2. 用于获取EnableAutoConfiguration注解中的 excludeexcludeName
  3. 获取需要自动装配的所有配置类,读取META-INF/spring.factories
  4. 这一步有经历了一遍筛选,@ConditionalOnXXX 中的所有条件都满足,该类才会生效。

Spring Boot 通过@EnableAutoConfiguration开启自动装配,通过 SpringFactoriesLoader 最终加载META-INF/spring.factories中的自动配置类实现自动装配,自动配置类其实就是通过@Conditional按需加载的配置类,想要其生效必须引入spring-boot-starter-xxx包实现起步依赖。

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/javaguide/p/springboot-auto-config.html